Impactos das diretrizes curriculares nacionais na formação inicial de professores de matemática: entre políticas públicas, currículo e prática docente no Brasil contemporâneo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33871/23594381.2026.24.2.12322Abstract
The initial training of Mathematics teachers occupies a strategic position in Brazilian educational debates, especially in light of the curricular changes promoted by the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs), the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), and the regulations aimed at teacher education. This study critically analyzes the impacts of these guidelines on the organization of Mathematics Degree programs, considering the relationships between public policies, curriculum, and pedagogical practice. The research seeks to understand how the transformations that occurred between 2002 and 2024 influenced teacher education processes, the construction of professional teaching identity, and the quality of training offered by higher education institutions. Methodologically, this is a qualitative study, of an applied nature and exploratory character, developed through bibliographic review and documentary analysis of educational legislation, resolutions of the National Council of Education, the DCNs, the BNCC, and studies in the fields of teacher education and Mathematics Education. Data interpretation was based on Bardin’s Content Analysis, allowing the identification of categories related to curricular policies, teacher training, and pedagogical practices. The results show advances resulting from the DCNs, especially in the appreciation of pedagogical practices, supervised internships, and the closer connection between theory and practice. However, challenges remain regarding the integration of mathematical and pedagogical knowledge, the critical incorporation of digital technologies, regional inequalities, and the autonomy of teacher education institutions. The study also indicates that curricular centralization associated with the competency-based model has intensified debates on technicism, standardization of teacher education, and the weakening of the critical dimension of teaching work. It is concluded that the initial training of Mathematics teachers requires more democratic, contextualized, and integrative public policies, capable of articulating scientific knowledge, pedagogical practice, educational inclusion, and social commitment, while critically responding to the contemporary challenges of Brazilian education. In addition, the study highlights the need to strengthen research, pedagogical reflection, and humanistic education in contemporary and diverse Brazilian teacher education programs.